Filtration, as defined in the source “Filtration,” is the process of separating solids from a liquid suspension using a porous medium, screen, or filter cloth. This method retains the solids while allowing the liquid to pass through.

In various industries, filtration plays a vital role, especially in the food, beverage, and dairy sectors, serving several key functions:

1. Clarification of Liquid Products: This involves removing small solid particles from liquids, such as wine, beer, oils, and syrups, with the objective of recovering the filtrate.
2. Separation of Liquid from Solid Material: In cases where a significant amount of solid material needs separation from a liquid, filtration helps obtain either the filtrate or cake, or both. This is common in processes like fruit juice and beer production.
   

Filtration equipment operates in two primary ways:

• Pressure Filtration: In pressure filtration, pressure is applied to the feed side to facilitate the separation process.
• Vacuum Filtration: Vacuum filtration, on the other hand, applies a vacuum to the filtrate side to achieve separation.
  

Two main types of pressure filtration methods are utilized:

1. Plate and Frame Filter Press
2. Leaf Filter

The knowledge of filtration techniques, methods, and equipment is crucial in various industries, ensuring the quality and purity of liquid products.

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